| ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ | ⑴ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ᠂ | ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ᠄ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ — ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ | ᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠨ — | ᠤᠷᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯᠰᠠᠩ ︵ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ︶᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨᠴᠦᠳ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠷ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ 1923 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠦᠭᠵᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ 1925 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 29 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠦᠭᠵᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 1930 — | 1931 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 5 ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ 13 ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ | ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1931 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 1934 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠨᠠᠳᠤ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ 1942 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠪᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ︵1943 | ᠤᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 20 ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︶ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 1961 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ | ︾ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽1945 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠳᠠ 18 — 19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠰ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ 40 ᠭᠡᠳ | ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ︾⑴ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠸ᠊᠂ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭ ︵73 ᠨᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ | 2006︶ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ ︽ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ᠂ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ | ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠁ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ | ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠶᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠪ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ | ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ︵ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ︶ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠢᠶᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 28 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ 1948 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ 11 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ | ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠨᠳᠠ | ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨ᠊᠂ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ ︵75 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ | 2006︶᠄ ︽1945 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ 6 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6᠂ 7 ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠭ 30 ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠯᠾᠠᠴᠢᠨᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | 49 ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ | ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠁ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠢᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧ᠂ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ 1945 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ 7 ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ 4000 ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ 1000 ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ | 300 ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ 7 ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠨᠤᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 1952 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠷᠤᠩ ᠳᠤ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ 1953 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠳ | ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠢ ︵ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ | 10000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︶᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ︵ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ 2000 ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︶᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠵᠢᠳ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠾᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭ᠊᠂ ᠭᠠᠩᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ᠄ ︽ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ 2 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ︵ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ︶ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ 6᠂ 7 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠪ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠳᠤ 200 — 300 ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ | ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ 350 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ︵210 ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ 700 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ⑵ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾᠂ ︽ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠤᠷᠠᠭ︾᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠪᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠦᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ | ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ | 300 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1689 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ | ⒈ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒉ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠢ᠂⒊ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒋ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂⒌ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠮᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ᠂⒍ | ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒎ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒏ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒐ ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒑ | ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂⒒ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂⒓ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂⒔ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠤᠩ᠂ | ⒕ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒖ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ᠂⒗ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂⒘ ᠲᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠨᠤᠩ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ | ⒙ ᠠᠴᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂⒚ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠂⒛ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨᠠᠢ ︵ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ 184185︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ⑶ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠪᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ | ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠳ᠋ᠢᠰᠡᠨ 1990᠂ 129︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠮᠦ᠋ᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ︵1544 ᠤᠨ︶᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠡᠭ᠌ᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ︵1547 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽᠁ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ︵ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ︶ | ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠨ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠷᠸᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠ︾ ︵ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ᠂ | 1990᠂179︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ 1510 | ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠮᠤ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ | ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ᠂ ᠠᠯᠴᠤᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ᠂ ᠸᠠᠴᠢᠷᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠰᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ᠂ ᠠᠯᠴᠤᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ᠂ ᠸᠠᠴᠢᠷᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳ᠂ | ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ᠂ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ | ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠳ᠋ᠾᠷᠮᠠ ᠭᠦᠤᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠁ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠠᠴᠧ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠠᠳ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠷᠤᠮ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ᠂ ᠱᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠤ ᠶᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ᠂ ᠵᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ | ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠨᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ︵1980᠂ 64︶ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠡᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ︽ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ︵1235᠂ | 1236︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠷᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ | ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠁ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠯᠤᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ | ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠠᠩᠨᠤᠭᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠳ᠂ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠢᠳ᠂ ᠵᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠵᠢᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠱᠢᠯᠳᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠦᠳ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠭᠦᠪ᠂ ᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠳ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠢᠷᠠᠳ᠂ ᠯᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠶᠢᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢᠷᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤᠳ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠯᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠰᠤᠬᠠ ᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠤᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ | ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠰ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠯᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠬᠢᠳ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠩᠵᠨᠯᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠳᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠷᠤᠮ᠂ ᠤᠴᠤᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠬᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤᠰ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠤᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠷᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠢᠷᠯᠠᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠦ᠂ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ᠂ | ᠮᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠵᠢᠪᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠠᠪ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠ᠂ ᠢᠬᠢᠷᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠦᠵᠡᠢ︾ ︵ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ᠂ 1235᠂ | 1236︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ︽ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ 239 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠤ ᠵᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ︵1207︶ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠭᠤ᠂ ᠷᠠᠭᠸᠠ ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠦᠳ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠮᠦ᠋ᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ᠄ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠦᠩᠰᠢᠶᠡᠪᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠤᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ ︵ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ᠂ | 1990᠂ 147︶᠃ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾ ︵1980᠂ 178︶ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠳ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ | ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠫᠧᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢ ︽ᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ︾ ︵1990᠂ 3︶ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ | ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭ | ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠢ᠊᠂ ᠲᠢᠮᠤᠺᠤᠪᠰᠺᠢᠨ ︽1820 —1821 | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠦᠷᠴᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨ︾ | ︵1924᠂ 254︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠪ᠊᠂ ᠷᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠦᠢ︾ ᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠨᠷᠴᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ | ᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠡᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ︾ ︵ | 2007᠂ 187︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ | ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡᠢ ᠨᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠵ᠊᠂ ᠭᠤᠨᠴᠤᠭᠵᠠᠪ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ︾ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ᠂ ᠳ᠋᠊ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ︾︶ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭᠠ ︽ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ᠂ ᠶᠤᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠠᠢ᠃ |