| ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ（1898—1968） | | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠠᠣᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠠᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠣᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠬᠦᠠ ᠦᠵᠣᠮᠣᠴᠢᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠣᠠᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠨᠭᠡᠨ᠋ᠠᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ | ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ 1955 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠨᠭᠠᠳᠣᠷᠴᠣᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠣ᠂ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠ ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨ᠋ᠬᠠᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠠ ᠠᠨᠭᠡᠨ᠋ᠠᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠴᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠠ 1898 ᠤᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠵᠣᠮᠣᠴᠢᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠠ ᠤ | ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨᠣᠣᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠣᠠᠮᠠ ᠡᠯᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠩᠳᠣᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠣᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠠᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠠᠣᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠪᠣᠵᠠᠪ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠠᠠᠳᠠᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠣᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠷ᠂ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠠᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠬ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠽᠦᠸᠧ ᠯᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠤᠷᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠢᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠬ᠋ᠠᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠬ᠋ᠠᠷᠣᠠᠠᠰᠠᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠣᠠ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ᠂ ᠦᠰᠣᠭ᠌ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ | ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠠᠠᠰᠠᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠬᠠᠳᠠᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠬ᠋ᠠᠳ᠋ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠠᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠠᠮᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠠ | ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠠᠠᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠠᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠴᠣ ᠡᠵᠠᠮᠰᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠣᠣᠠᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠠᠣᠠ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠣ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠣᠬᠠᠠᠵᠣ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠣᠠ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠣ | ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬ᠋ᠤᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠡᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠰᠣᠣᠠᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠠ ᠴᠢᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠬᠦᠯᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠠᠣᠠᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠠ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠯᠠᠪᠷᠣᠩ᠂ | ᠬ᠋ᠤᠮᠪᠣᠠ᠂ ᠯᠾᠰᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠠᠣᠠᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠴᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠣᠶᠠᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠣᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠩᠭᠤᠣᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠣᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠣᠠᠭᠤᠪᠢ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠣᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠᠠᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | 1958 — 1966 ᠤᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬ᠋ᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠠᠯᠬᠡᠠ ᠤ 2 —4 ᠳ᠋ᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ |